本文翻译自《50 android hacks》按照惯例。先从一个样例说起。非常easy,3张扑克牌叠在一起显示。这个布局效果该怎样实现呢?有的同学该说了,这非常easy啊,用RelativeLayout或FrameLayout,然后为每一个扑克牌设置margin就能实现了。ok,那就看一下通过这样的方式是怎样实现的。代码例如以下:

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="fill_parent" >

android:layout_width="100dp"

android:layout_height="150dp"

android:background="#FF0000" />

android:layout_width="100dp"

android:layout_height="150dp"

android:layout_marginLeft="30dp"

android:layout_marginTop="20dp"

android:background="#00FF00" />

android:layout_width="100dp"

android:layout_height="150dp"

android:layout_marginLeft="60dp"

android:layout_marginTop="40dp"

android:background="#0000FF" />

效果图没错,通过这样的方式是能够实现的。可是。不认为这样的方式有点low吗?!让我们用高级一点的方式去实现它,提升一下自己的逼格!定制ViewGroup之前,我们须要先理解几个概念。Android绘制视图的方式这里我不会涉及太多的细节,可是须要理解Android开发文档中的一段话:“绘制布局由两个遍历过程组成:測量过程和布局过程。測量过程由measure(int, int)方法完毕,该方法从上到下遍历视图树。在递归遍历过程中。每一个视图都会向下层传递尺寸和规格。当measure方法遍历结束,每一个视图都保存了各自的尺寸信息。第二个过程由layout(int,int,int,int)方法完毕,该方法也是由上而下遍历视图树。在遍历过程中,每一个父视图通过測量过程的结果定位全部子视图的位置信息。”简而言之,第一步是測量ViewGroup的宽度和高度,在onMeasure()方法中完毕,ViewGroup遍历全部子视图计算出它的大小。第二步是依据第一步获取的尺寸去布局全部子视图,在onLayout()中完毕。创建CascadeLayout最终到了定制ViewGroup的阶段了。假设我们已经定制了一个CascadeLayout的容器。我们会这样使用它。

xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="fill_parent" >

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="fill_parent"

cascade:horizontal_spacing="30dp"

cascade:vertical_spacing="20dp" >

android:layout_width="100dp"

android:layout_height="150dp"

android:background="#FF0000" />

android:layout_width="100dp"

android:layout_height="150dp"

android:background="#00FF00" />

android:layout_width="100dp"

android:layout_height="150dp"

android:background="#0000FF" />

首先,定义属性。在values目录以下创建attrs.xml。代码例如以下:

同一时候,为了严谨一些,定义一些默认的垂直距离和水平距离,以防在布局中没有提供这些属性。在dimens.xml中加入例如以下代码:

10dp

10dp

准备工作已经做好了。接下来看一下CascadeLayout的源代码,稍微有点长,后面帮助大家分析一下。public class CascadeLayout extends ViewGroup {

private int mHorizontalSpacing;

private int mVerticalSpacing;

public CascadeLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {

super(context, attrs);

TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,

R.styleable.CascadeLayout);

try {

mHorizontalSpacing = a.getDimensionPixelSize(

R.styleable.CascadeLayout_horizontal_spacing,

getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(

R.dimen.cascade_horizontal_spacing));

mVerticalSpacing = a.getDimensionPixelSize(

R.styleable.CascadeLayout_vertical_spacing, getResources()

.getDimensionPixelSize(R.dimen.cascade_vertical_spacing));

} finally {

a.recycle();

}

}

@Override

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {

int width = getPaddingLeft();

int height = getPaddingTop();

int verticalSpacing;

final int count = getChildCount();

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {

verticalSpacing = mVerticalSpacing;

View child = getChildAt(i);

measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);

LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

width = getPaddingLeft() + mHorizontalSpacing * i;

lp.x = width;

lp.y = height;

if (lp.verticalSpacing >= 0) {

verticalSpacing = lp.verticalSpacing;

}

width += child.getMeasuredWidth();

height += verticalSpacing;

}

width += getPaddingRight();

height += getChildAt(getChildCount() - 1).getMeasuredHeight()

+ getPaddingBottom();

setMeasuredDimension(resolveSize(width, widthMeasureSpec),

resolveSize(height, heightMeasureSpec));

}

@Override

protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {

final int count = getChildCount();

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {

View child = getChildAt(i);

LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

child.layout(lp.x, lp.y, lp.x + child.getMeasuredWidth(), lp.y

+ child.getMeasuredHeight());

}

}

@Override

protected boolean checkLayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) {

return p instanceof LayoutParams;

}

@Override

protected LayoutParams generateDefaultLayoutParams() {

return new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,

LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);

}

@Override

public LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(AttributeSet attrs) {

return new LayoutParams(getContext(), attrs);

}

@Override

protected LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) {

return new LayoutParams(p.width, p.height);

}

public static class LayoutParams extends ViewGroup.LayoutParams {

int x;

int y;

public int verticalSpacing;

public LayoutParams(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {

super(context, attrs);

}

public LayoutParams(int w, int h) {

super(w, h);

}

}

}

首先,分析构造函数。public CascadeLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {

super(context, attrs);

TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,

R.styleable.CascadeLayout);

try {

mHorizontalSpacing = a.getDimensionPixelSize(

R.styleable.CascadeLayout_horizontal_spacing,

getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(

R.dimen.cascade_horizontal_spacing));

mVerticalSpacing = a.getDimensionPixelSize(

R.styleable.CascadeLayout_vertical_spacing, getResources()

.getDimensionPixelSize(R.dimen.cascade_vertical_spacing));

} finally {

a.recycle();

}

}假设在布局中使用CasecadeLayout,系统就会调用这个构造函数,这个大家都应该知道的吧。这里不解释why。有兴趣的能够去看源代码,重点看系统是怎样解析xml布局的。构造函数非常easy,就是通过布局文件里的属性,获取水平距离和垂直距离。然后。分析自己定义LayoutParams。这个类的用途就是保存每一个子视图的x,y轴位置。这里把它定义为静态内部类。ps:提到静态内部类。我又想起来关于多线程内存泄露的问题了,假设有时间再给大家解释一下多线程造成内存泄露的问题。public static class LayoutParams extends ViewGroup.LayoutParams {

int x;

int y;

public int verticalSpacing;

public LayoutParams(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {

super(context, attrs);

}

public LayoutParams(int w, int h) {

super(w, h);

}

}除此之外。还须要重写一些方法。checkLayoutParams()、generateDefaultLayoutParams()等,这种方法在不同ViewGroup之间往往是同样的。接下来。分析onMeasure()方法。 @Override

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {

int width = getPaddingLeft();

int height = getPaddingTop();

int verticalSpacing;

final int count = getChildCount();

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {

verticalSpacing = mVerticalSpacing;

View child = getChildAt(i);

measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); // 令每一个子视图測量自身

LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

width = getPaddingLeft() + mHorizontalSpacing * i;

// 保存每一个子视图的x。y轴坐标

lp.x = width;

lp.y = height;

if (lp.verticalSpacing >= 0) {

verticalSpacing = lp.verticalSpacing;

}

width += child.getMeasuredWidth();

height += verticalSpacing;

}

width += getPaddingRight();

height += getChildAt(getChildCount() - 1).getMeasuredHeight()

+ getPaddingBottom();

// 使用计算所得的宽和高设置整个布局的測量尺寸

setMeasuredDimension(resolveSize(width, widthMeasureSpec),

resolveSize(height, heightMeasureSpec));

}最后,分析onLayout()方法。 @Override

protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {

final int count = getChildCount();

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {

View child = getChildAt(i);

LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

child.layout(lp.x, lp.y, lp.x + child.getMeasuredWidth(), lp.y

+ child.getMeasuredHeight());

}

}逻辑非常easy。用onMeasure()方法计算出的值为參数循环调用子View的layout()方法。为子视图加入自己定义属性作为演示样例。以下将加入子视图重写垂直间距的方法。第一步是向attrs.xml中加入一个新的属性。

这里的属性名是layout_vertical_spacing,由于该属性名前缀是layout_。同一时候,又不是View固有的属性。所以该属性会被加入到LayoutParams的属性表中。在CascadeLayout类的构造函数中读取这个新属性。public static class LayoutParams extends ViewGroup.LayoutParams {

int x;

int y;

public int verticalSpacing;

public LayoutParams(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {

super(context, attrs);

TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,

R.styleable.CascadeLayout_LayoutParams);

try {

verticalSpacing = a

.getDimensionPixelSize(

R.styleable.CascadeLayout_LayoutParams_layout_vertical_spacing,

-1);

} finally {

a.recycle();

}

}

public LayoutParams(int w, int h) {

super(w, h);

}

}

那怎么使用这个属性呢?so easy!

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="fill_parent"

cascade:horizontal_spacing="30dp"

cascade:vertical_spacing="20dp" >

android:layout_width="100dp"

android:layout_height="150dp"

cascade:layout_vertical_spacing="90dp"

android:background="#FF0000" />

android:layout_width="100dp"

android:layout_height="150dp"

android:background="#00FF00" />

android:layout_width="100dp"

android:layout_height="150dp"

android:background="#0000FF" />

參考资料http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/how-android-draws.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/ViewGroup.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/ViewGroup.LayoutParams.html

好文链接

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