一，摄像头简介
GC2093是一个高质量的1080P CMOS图像传感器，用于安全相机产品、数码相机产品和手机相机应用程序。包含了一个1920H x 1080V像素阵列、片上10位ADC和图像信号处理器。高性能和低功耗功能的全面集成使GC2093最适合设计，减少了实现过程，并延长了运动相机、汽车DVR和各种移动应用的电池寿命。它提供了RAW10和RAW8数据格式。它有一个主机常用的双线串行接口来控制整个传感器的运行。
技术规格：
二，驱动文件配置
1.源程序
~/RK3568_Android11/kernel/drivers/media/i2c/gc2093.c
2.修改i2c目录下的 Makefile以及Kconfig
kernel/drivers/media/i2c/Makefile中添加：
obj-$(CONFIG_VIDEO_GC2093) += gc2093.o
------------------------------------------------------------------------
kernel/drivers/media/i2c/Kconfig中添加：
config VIDEO_GC2093
tristate "GalaxyCore GC2093 sensor support"
depends on I2C && VIDEO_V4L2 && VIDEO_V4L2_SUBDEV_API
depends on MEDIA_CAMERA_SUPPORT
select V4L2_FWNODE
help
Support for the GalaxyCore GC2093 sensor.
To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the
module will be called gc2093.
3.内核中加载驱动
kernel/arch/arm64/configs/rockchip_defconfig中添加：
CONFIG_VIDEO_GC2093=y
三，DTS配置
1.摄像头链接示意图
GC系列摄像头与SOC连接的主要的引脚有： i2c、rst、pwdn、mclk、MIPI Clk、MIPI DATA。
2. 硬件原理图
从电路图可看出关键引脚关系：
reset信号：GPIO3 D4 power down信号：GPIO3 D5 电源信号：GPIO0 B0 clock：cif_clk
3.dts节点
对于RK3568平台而言，仅有一个标准物理mipi csi2 dphy，可以工作在两个模式：full mode 和split mode，拆分为csi2_dphy0/csi2_dphy1/csi2_dphy2三个逻辑dphy，特性如下：
Full mode:
仅使用csi2_dphy0，csi2_dphy0与csi2_dphy1/csi2_dphy2互斥，不可同时使用；data lane最大4 lanes；最大速率2.5Gbps/lane;
Split mode:
仅使用csi2_dphy1和csi2_dphy2, 与csi2_dphy0互斥，不可同时使用；csi2_dphy1和csi2_dphy2可同时使用；csi2_dphy1和csi2_dphy2各自的data lane最大是2 lanes；csi2_dphy1对应物理dphy的lane0/lane1；csi2_dphy2对应物理dphy的lane2/lane3;最大速率2.5Gbps/lane
//mipi camera
&i2c2 {
gc2093: gc2093@37 {
compatible = "galaxycore,gc2093";
reg = <0x37>;
status = "okay";
clocks = <&cru CLK_CIF_OUT>;
clock-names = "xvclk";
power-domains = <&power RK3568_PD_VI>;
pinctrl-names = "default";
pinctrl-0 = <&cif_clk>;
avdd-supply = <&vcc_camera>; //power电源脚，需要默认拉高
reset-gpios = <&gpio3 RK_PD4 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
pwdn-gpios = <&gpio3 RK_PD5 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;
rockchip,grf = <&grf>;
rockchip,camera-module-index = <0>;
rockchip,camera-module-facing = "front"; //模组朝向，有"back"和"front"
rockchip,camera-module-name = "YT-RV1109-2-V1";
rockchip,camera-module-lens-name = "40IR-2MP-F20"; //module与lens命令要与设备/etc/iqfiles中对应sensor的json文件名后面相同
port {
gc2093_out: endpoint {
remote-endpoint = <&dphy0_in>;
data-lanes = <1 2 3 4>;
};
};
};
};
&csi2_dphy_hw {
status = "okay";
};
&csi2_dphy0 {
status = "okay";
ports {
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
port@0 {
reg = <0>;
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
dphy0_in: endpoint@1 {
reg = <1>;
remote-endpoint = <&gc2093_out>;
data-lanes = <1 2 3 4>;
};
};
port@1 {
reg = <1>;
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
dphy0_out: endpoint@1 {
reg = <0>;
remote-endpoint = <&isp0_in>;
};
};
};
};
&rkisp {
status = "okay";
};
&rkisp_mmu {
status = "okay";
};
&rkisp_vir0 {
status = "okay";
port {
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
isp0_in: endpoint@0 {
reg = <0>;
remote-endpoint = <&dphy0_out>;
};
};
};
&cif_clk {
rockchip,pins =
/* cif_clkout */
<4 RK_PC0 1 &pcfg_pull_none>;
};
==================================================================================
vcc_camera: vcc-camera-regulator {
compatible = "regulator-fixed";
gpio = <&gpio0 RK_PB0 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;
pinctrl-names = "default";
pinctrl-0 = <&camera_pwr>;
regulator-name = "vcc_camera";
enable-active-high;
regulator-always-on;
regulator-boot-on;
};
&pinctrl {
cam {
camera_pwr: camera-pwr {
rockchip,pins =
/* camera power en */
<0 RK_PB0 RK_FUNC_GPIO &pcfg_pull_none>;
};
};
};
四，调试
1.开机log打印
rk3568:/ # dmesg | grep gc
[ 0.000000] Linux version 4.19.232 (fy@001) (gcc version 6.3.1 20170404 (Linaro GCC 6.3-2017.05), GNU ld (Linaro_Binutils-2017.05) 2.27.0.20161019) #19
7 SMP PREEMPT Mon Dec 11 11:20:47 CST 2023
[ 6.409370] gc2093 2-007e: driver version: 00.01.03
[ 6.409504] gc2093 2-007e: 2-007e supply dovdd not found, using dummy regulator
[ 6.409555] gc2093 2-007e: Linked as a consumer to regulator.0
[ 6.409599] gc2093 2-007e: Linked as a consumer to regulator.13
[ 6.409622] gc2093 2-007e: 2-007e supply dvdd not found, using dummy regulator
[ 6.431373] gc2093 2-007e: Detected GC2093 sensor
[ 6.431422] rockchip-csi2-dphy csi2-dphy0: dphy0 matches m00_f_gc2093 2-007e:bus type 4
[ 51.782028] gc2093 2-007e: gc2093_s_stream: on: 1, 1920x1080@30
[ 109.871508] gc2093 2-007e: gc2093_s_stream: on: 0, 1920x1080@30
[ 109.905541] gc2093 2-007e: gc2093_s_stream: on: 0, sleep(33333us)
日志可以看到已经成功读到sensor id = GC2093。
2. 查看gpio的使用情况
rk3568:/ # cat /sys/kernel/debug/gpio
gpiochip0: GPIOs 0-31, parent: platform/fdd60000.gpio, gpio0:
gpio-5 ( |usb-port0-power-ctl ) out lo
gpio-6 ( |usb-port1-power-ctl ) out hi
gpio-8 ( |vcc_camera ) out hi
gpio-15 ( |breath-led ) out hi
gpio-16 ( |work ) out lo
gpio-21 ( |enable ) out hi
gpio-29 ( |reset ) out hi
gpiochip1: GPIOs 32-63, parent: platform/fe740000.gpio, gpio1:
gpiochip2: GPIOs 64-95, parent: platform/fe750000.gpio, gpio2:
gpio-73 ( |reset ) out hi
gpio-77 ( |bt_default_rts ) in hi
gpio-79 ( |bt_default_reset ) out lo
gpio-80 ( |bt_default_wake_host) in hi
gpio-81 ( |bt_default_wake ) in lo
gpio-88 ( |io1 ) out lo
gpio-89 ( |io2 ) out lo
gpio-90 ( |io3 ) out hi
gpio-91 ( |io4 ) out hi
gpio-93 ( |usb-port2-power-ctl ) out hi
gpio-94 ( |usb-port3-power-ctl ) out hi
gpiochip3: GPIOs 96-127, parent: platform/fe760000.gpio, gpio3:
gpio-104 ( |mdio-reset ) out hi
gpio-109 ( |rs485-ctrl ) out lo
gpio-114 ( |headset_gpio ) in lo
gpio-115 ( |spk-ctl ) out hi
gpio-118 ( |enable ) out hi
gpio-119 ( |enable ) out lo
gpio-122 ( |red-led ) out hi
gpio-123 ( |blue-led ) out lo
gpio-124 ( |reset ) out lo
gpio-125 ( |pwdn ) out lo
可以看出vcc_camera，reset和pwdn 都是有状态，证明摄像头是加载成功了的。
3. 内核会为摄像头在目录/sys/class/video4linux下分配设备信息描述文件
rk3568:/ # grep "" /sys/class/video4linux/v*/name | grep mainpath
/sys/class/video4linux/video0/name:rkisp_mainpath
4.显示摄像头参数
rk3568:/ # v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 -l
User Controls
exposure 0x00980911 (int) : min=1 max=1121 step=1 default=1120 value=338
horizontal_flip 0x00980914 (bool) : default=0 value=0
vertical_flip 0x00980915 (bool) : default=0 value=0
Image Source Controls
vertical_blanking 0x009e0901 (int) : min=45 max=15303 step=1 default=45 value=45
horizontal_blanking 0x009e0902 (int) : min=280 max=280 step=1 default=280 value=280 flags=read-only
analogue_gain 0x009e0903 (int) : min=64 max=8192 step=1 default=64 value=111
Image Processing Controls
link_frequency 0x009f0901 (intmenu): min=0 max=1 default=0 value=0
pixel_rate 0x009f0902 (int64) : min=0 max=316800000 step=1 default=237600000 value=237600000 flags=read-only
输出将包括不同类别的控制参数，如“User Controls”和“Image Processing Controls”。 每个控制参数通常包含以下信息：
控制名称：如 horizontal_flip 或 test_pattern。参数类型：如 (bool) 表示布尔类型，(menu) 表示有固定选项的菜单。控制标识符：如 0x00980914，这是内部用于识别控制的唯一标识。 取值范围：例如 min=0 max=1 表示取值范围从0到1。默认值：如 default=0 表示控制的默认设置。 当前值：如 value=0 表示当前设置的值。
5.修改摄像头时钟频率（mclk）以及帧率（fps）
1>. gc2093.c文件中打开MCLK_27M宏定义，时钟频率为27M；注释掉则默认为24M。 2>. 帧率对应关系： 30fps：0x04,0xe2 25fps：0x05,0xdc 20fps：0x07,0x53
diff --git a/kernel/drivers/media/i2c/gc2093.c b/kernel/drivers/media/i2c/gc2093.c
index 032c6cbb53..cdc57cf1d5 100644
--- a/kernel/drivers/media/i2c/gc2093.c
+++ b/kernel/drivers/media/i2c/gc2093.c
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
#define MIPI_FREQ_396M 396000000
/* 27M or 24M */
-//#define MCLK_27M
+#define MCLK_27M
#ifdef MCLK_27M
#define GC2093_XVCLK_FREQ 27000000
@@ -501,8 +501,8 @@ static const struct reg_sequence gc2093_1080p_hdr_settings[] = {
{0x0010, 0x8c},
{0x0013, 0x15},
{0x0019, 0x0c},
- {0x0041, 0x04}, //30fps: 0x4e2; 25FPS: 0x5dc: 20FPS: 0x753
- {0x0042, 0xe2},
+ {0x0041, 0x05}, //30fps: 0x4e2; 25FPS: 0x5dc: 20FPS: 0x753
+ {0x0042, 0xdc},
{0x0053, 0x60},
{0x008d, 0x92},
{0x0090, 0x00},
五，遇到的问题
1.摄像头加载失败，读不到sensor id
[6.874014] gc2093 2-007e: driver version: 00.01.03
[6.874127] gc2093 2-007e: Failed to get reset-gpios
[6.874201] gc2093 2-007e: 2-007e supply dovdd not found, using dummy regulator
[6.874270] gc2093 2-007e: Linked as a consumer to regulator.0
[6.874311] gc2093 2-007e: 2-007e supply avdd not found, using dummy regulator
[6.874408] gc2093 2-007e: 2-007e supply dvdd not found, using dummy regulator
[6.895219] gc2093 2-007e: i2c read failed at addr: 3f0
[6.895444] gc2093 2-007e: i2c read failed at addr: 3f1
[6.895471] gc2093 2-007e: Failed to read sensor id, (-6)
要确保reset和pwdn引脚没有被复用，且初始状态正确。
2. 显示异常拉伸
具体现象：系统横屏状态（0度，180度）下预览画面有拉伸；竖屏状态（90度，270度）下预览画面就是正常。
hardware/rockchip/camera/etc/camera/camera3_profiles_rk356x.xml
安卓配置文件中 xml中有模组方式配置，找到gc2093摄像头配置，修改sensor.orientation值（0,90,180,270）
实测修改后显示正常。
3. 修改摄像头预览的镜像效果
通过修改 gc2093.c 驱动程序可以改变摄像头预览的镜像效果。在这个驱动程序中，与镜像效果相关的代码V4L2_CID_HFLIP 控制ID 用于控制水平镜像，V4L2_CID_VFLIP 控制ID 用于控制垂直镜像。
case V4L2_CID_HFLIP:
regmap_update_bits(gc2093->regmap, GC2093_MIRROR_FLIP_REG,
MIRROR_MASK, ctrl->val ? MIRROR_MASK : 0);
break;
case V4L2_CID_VFLIP:
regmap_update_bits(gc2093->regmap, GC2093_MIRROR_FLIP_REG,
FLIP_MASK, ctrl->val ? FLIP_MASK : 0);
break;
使用regmap_update_bits函数将MIRROR_MASK位设置为1，从而开启水平镜像，将 FLIP_MASK 位设置为1，从而开启垂直镜像。
参考阅读
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