快速部署Apache服务静态网站

呱少博客 2024-05-24 1 0

Apache是世界使用排名第一的Web服务器软件.它可以运行在几乎所有广泛使用的计算机平台上,由于其跨平台和安全性被广泛使用,是最流行的Web服务器端软件之一.它快速、可靠并且可通过简单的API扩充,将Perl/Python等解释器编译到服务器中.

配置Apache访问控制

Apache可以基于原主机名,原IP地址,或原主机上的浏览器特征,对网站上的资源进行访问控制,它通过Allow指令允许某个主机访问服务器上的网站资源,通过Deny指令实现禁止访问,还可以给指定的页面添加密码认证.

基于用户名密码的认证

作用：当我们打开指定网页时,会提示需要输入密码才能访问,这就是密码认证技术.

1.通过Yum仓库快速安装apache服务程序.

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y apr apr-util httpd

Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager.

Package apr-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Package apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Package httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Nothing to do

2.编辑Apache主配置文件,在相应的区域中加入以下标★语句.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

146 #

147 # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.

148 # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:

149 # Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit

150 #

★ AllowOverride all #修改为 AllowOverride all

152

153 #

154 # Controls who can get stuff from this server.

155 #

3.在要添加认证的网页文件下创建 .htaccess 文件,并覆盖写入以下内容.

[root@localhost ~]# echo "hello admin" > /var/www/html/index.html

[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/www/html/.htaccess

authname "welcome to admin" #欢迎提示信息

authtype basic #认证类型

authuserfile /var/www/html/login.psd #认证文件存放位置

require valid-user #除认证用户其他用户不允许登陆

4.借助Apache的工具生成密码文件,此处的用户名密码就是访问网页时的号码.

[root@localhost ~]# htpasswd -c /var/www/html/login.psd lyshark #创建认证用户(覆盖)

[root@localhost ~]# htpasswd -m /var/www/html/login.psd lyshark #写入认证用户(追加)

5.重启Apache服务,并访问页面测试即可.

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd

基于IP地址的身份认证

作用：当我们打开指定网页时,会判断您的IP地址是允许访问还是拒绝访问,这就是基于IP的认证技术

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

121 #

122 # Relax access to content within /var/www.

123 #

124

125

126 Order allow,deny

127 deny from 192.168.1.8 #允许和拒绝,只需要修改from前面字段.

128 require all granted

129

130

131 # Further relax access to the default document root:

开启Apache个人主页

如果想为每个系统独立的用户建立一个网站,通常情况先是基于虚拟主机的功能来部署多个网站,但是这样工作量实在太大,还好Apache为我们提供了个人主页功能,以下实验将实现给予不同的用户一个单独的网页空间,实现每个人可以有自己的空间,类似QQ空间.

1.首先编辑配置文件,修改UserDir disabled注释掉本行,同时开启UserDir public_html,保存退出即可.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/userdir.conf

14 # of a username on the system (depending on home directory

15 # permissions).

16 #

17 # UserDir disabled #注释掉本行

......

20 # To enable requests to /~user/ to serve the user's public_html

21 # directory, remove the "UserDir disabled" line above, and uncomment

22 # the following line instead:

23 #

24 UserDir public_html #开启本行注释

2.创建一个测试用户,并在其家目录创建一个public_html目录,设置相应的权限.

[root@localhost ~]# useradd lyshark

[root@localhost ~]# echo "123123" |passwd --stdin lyshark

Changing password for user lyshark.

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /home/lyshark/public_html

[root@localhost ~]# echo "hello admin" > /home/lyshark/public_html/index.html

[root@localhost ~]# chmod 755 -R /home/lyshark/

3.紧接着我们配置SeLinux安全上下文.

[root@localhost home]# ls -lZ

drwxr-xr-x. lyshark lyshark unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_dir_t:s0 lyshark

[root@localhost home]# ls -lZ /var/www/

drwxr-xr-x. root root system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 html

[root@localhost home]# yum provides semanage

[root@localhost home]# yum install -y policycoreutils-python-2.5-22.el7.x86_64

Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager.

Package policycoreutils-python-2.5-22.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Nothing to do

[root@localhost home]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /home/lyshark/

[root@localhost home]# restorecon -Rv /home/lyshark/

[root@localhost home]# restorecon -Rv /home/lyshark/*

root@localhost home]# getsebool -a |grep httpd_enable

httpd_enable_cgi --> on

httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off

httpd_enable_homedirs --> off

[root@localhost home]# setsebool -P httpd_enable_homedirs=1

[root@localhost home]# setsebool httpd_enable_homedirs=1

4.重启Apache服务测试效果.

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd

[root@localhost ~]# elinks http://192.168.1.10/~lyshark/

配置基于IP的虚拟主机

如果一台服务器有多个IP地址,而且每个IP地址与服务器上部署的每个网站对应,这样当用户请求访问不同的IP时,会访问到不同网站的页面资源,而且每个网站都有一个独立的IP地址,以下实验将实现在一台服务器上配置多个IP,搭建多个网站,每个网站使用一个IP地址.

1.通过Yum仓库快速安装apache服务程序.

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y apr apr-util httpd

Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager.

Package apr-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Package apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Package httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Nothing to do

2.首先在主IP地址上配置一个子接口.

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens32:0 192.168.1.20 netmask 255.255.255.0

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig

ens32: flags=4163 mtu 1500

inet 192.168.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255

inet6 fe8::89c:d2d:cd5:b9ec prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20

ether 01:0c:89:b1:b7:be txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)

RX packets 1237 bytes 82607 (80.6 KiB)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 184 bytes 24411 (23.8 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

ens32:0: flags=4163 mtu 1500

inet 192.168.1.20 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255

ether 00:0c:29:b1:b1:be txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)

lo: flags=73 mtu 65536

inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0

inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10

loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)

RX packets 196 bytes 16656 (16.2 KiB)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 196 bytes 16656 (16.2 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

3.在/var/www/html目录下创建连个子目录,分别对应两个IP地址.

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/html/vhost1

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/html/vhost2

[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost 1" > /var/www/html/vhost1/index.html

[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost 2" > /var/www/html/vhost2/index.html

4.修改apache主配置文件,分别添加两个主机区域.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

76 # All of these directives may appear inside containers,

77 # in which case these default settings will be overridden for the

78 # virtual host being defined.

79 #

82 DocumentRoot /var/www/html/vhost1

83 ServerName localhost

85 AllowOverride None

86 Require all granted

90 DocumentRoot /var/www/html/vhost2

91 ServerName localhost

93 AllowOverride None

94 Require all granted

5.重启一下apache服务,并访问测试即可.

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.1.10

vhost 1

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.1.20

vhost 2

配置基于端口的虚拟主机

基于端口的虚拟主机,可以让用户通过端口号,来访问服务器上的资源,在使用Apache配置虚拟网站时,基于端口的配置方式最为复杂,以下实验将实现在一台服务器上配置多个端口,搭建多个网站,每个网站使用一个端口.

1.修改Apache主配置文件,修改两处位置.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

38 # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to

39 # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.

40 #

41 #Listen 12.34.56.78:80

42 Listen 80

43 Listen 8080

.....

76 # All of these directives may appear inside containers,

77 # in which case these default settings will be overridden for the

78 # virtual host being defined.

79 #

82 DocumentRoot /var/www/html/vhost1

83 ServerName localhost

85 AllowOverride None

86 Require all granted

90 DocumentRoot /var/www/html/vhost2

91 ServerName localhost

93 AllowOverride None

94 Require all granted

2.在/var/www/html目录下创建连个子目录,分别对应两个端口地址.

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/html/vhost1

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/html/vhost2

[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost 1" > /var/www/html/vhost1/index.html

[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost 2" > /var/www/html/vhost2/index.html

3.重启一下apache服务,并访问测试即可.

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.1.10:80

vhost 1

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.1.10:8080

vhost 2

配置基于域名的虚拟主机

当服务器无法为每一个网站分配一个独立的IP的时候,可以尝试让Apache自动识别用户请求的域名,从而根据不同的域名请求来传输不同的内容,这里我们为了验证实验要手动搭建一个DNS解析,以下实验将实现在一台服务器上多个域名,搭建多个网站,每个网站使用一个域名.

1.首先搭建DNS域名解析,模拟vhost1.com与vhost2.com两个网站域名.

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y bind bind-chroot

Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager.

Package 32:bind-9.9.4-61.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Package 32:bind-chroot-9.9.4-61.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Nothing to do

2.配置DNS解析,这里我们简单配置即可,有关DNS详细例子请查看其他相关文章.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.conf

12 options {

13 listen-on port 53 { any; };

14 listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };

15 directory "/var/named";

16 dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";

17 statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";

18 memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";

19 allow-query { any; };

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

43 zone "vhost1.com" IN {

44 type master;

45 file "vhost1.com.zone";

46 allow-update { none; };

47 };

48 zone "vhost2.com" IN {

49 type master;

50 file "vhost2.com.zone";

51 allow-update { none; };

52 };

3.拷贝配置文件,并修改成以下模样,并重启Bind

[root@localhost ~]# cp -a /var/named/named.localhost /var/named/vhost1.com.zone

[root@localhost ~]# cp -a /var/named/named.localhost /var/named/vhost2.com.zone

[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/named/vhost1.com.zone

$TTL 1D

@ IN SOA dns.vhost1.com. rname.invalid. (

0 ; serial

1D ; refresh

1H ; retry

1W ; expire

3H ) ; minimum

NS dns.vhost1.com.

dns A 127.0.0.1

www A 192.168.1.10

[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/named/vhost2.com.zone

$TTL 1D

@ IN SOA dns.vhost2.com. rname.invalid. (

0 ; serial

1D ; refresh

1H ; retry

1W ; expire

3H ) ; minimum

NS dns.vhost2.com.

dns A 127.0.0.1

www A 192.168.1.10

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart named

4.修改Apache主配置文件,修改两处位置.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

76 # All of these directives may appear inside containers,

77 # in which case these default settings will be overridden for the

78 # virtual host being defined.

79 #

82 DocumentRoot /var/www/html/vhost1

83 ServerName www.vhost1.com

85 AllowOverride None

86 Require all granted

90 DocumentRoot /var/www/html/vhost2

91 ServerName www.vhost2.com

93 AllowOverride None

94 Require all granted

5.在/var/www/html目录下创建连个子目录,分别对应两个域名地址.

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/html/vhost1

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/html/vhost2

[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost 1" > /var/www/html/vhost1/index.html

[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost 2" > /var/www/html/vhost2/index.html

6.重启一下apache服务,并访问测试即可.

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd

[root@localhost ~]# curl www.vhost1.com

vhost 1

[root@localhost ~]# curl www.vhost2.com

vhost 2

夸智网

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