参考链接： 闲谈2048小游戏和数组的旋转及翻转和转置
目录
2048
一、方阵类
二、随机插入1或2
三、 合并和递增
四、 判断和移动
五、 键盘控制
完整源代码
玩法过程
2048
上回说到2048小游戏中数组的各种旋转、翻转的方法，就是为代码编程作准备的；有了这些再就加上二维数组各行列上元素的合并、能否被合并的判断、成功失败的判断等等；以及再加上键盘按键的控制，小游戏就基本完成了。
一、方阵类
方阵就是高宽相同的矩阵，2048用方阵就行了，写代码也省事一点，方阵的类如下：
>>> from random import sample >>> class Matrix: ... def __init__(self, order=4): ... self.order = order ... self.matrix = self.new() ... def __repr__(self): ... m, n = [], len(str(2**max(sum(self.matrix,[])))) ... for mat in self.matrix: ... m.append(', '.join(f'{2**x if x else 0:>{n}}' for x in mat)) ... return '],\n ['.join(m).join(['[[',']]']) ... def new(self): ... n = self.order ... m = sample([0]*(n*n-2)+sample([0,1,1],2),n*n) ... return [m[i*n:i*n+n] for i in range(n)] ... ... >>> Matrix() [[0, 0, 2, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 2, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0]] >>> Matrix() [[0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 2, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0]]
在方阵中随机产生1~2个1，sample([0,1,1],2) 生成的1个还是2个，比例为2:1；
在__repr__方法中显示时，这些1作为2的指数，所以显示为2^1=2。
二、随机插入数字
def insert(self): n = self.order m = [i for i,n in enumerate(sum(self.matrix,[])) if not n] if m: i = sample(m, 1)[0] self.matrix[i//n][i%n] = sum(sample([1,1,1,2],1))
或者：
def insert(self): n = self.order m = [(i,j) for j in range(n) for i in range(n) if not self.matrix[i][j]] if m: i, j = sample(m, 1)[0] self.matrix[i][j] = sum(sample([1,1,1,2],1))
为加快数字的拼合速度，从5队开始，除了只插入1和2，可以考虑加入更大的数字：
self.matrix[i][j] = sum(sample([1,1,1,2]*3+([1,2,3,3]+[i for i in range(n+4,n,-1)] if n>4 else []),1))
如 n = 5 时，拟插入的各数字比例为：
>>> n = 5 >>> t = [1,1,1,2]*3+[1,2,3,3]+[i for i in range(n+4,n,-1)] >>> for i in set(t): ... print([i,t.count(i)/20]) ... ... [1, 0.5] [2, 0.2] [3, 0.1] [6, 0.05] [7, 0.05] [8, 0.05] [9, 0.05]
三、 合并和递增
...... for i,array in enumerate(self.matrix): self.matrix[i] = Matrix.update(array) ...... def update(array): split = lambda a: [_ for _ in a if _]+[_ for _ in a if not _] array = split(array) for i,a in enumerate(array): if i and a and a==array[i-1]: array[i-1] += 1 array[i] = 0 return split(array)
四、 判断和移动
略……写得有点复杂，可以到完整代码中阅读。
五、 键盘控制
引入keyboard库控制键盘，示例如下：
import keyboard
def keys0():
print("Left key pressed")
def keys1():
print("Right key pressed")
def keys2():
print("Up key pressed")
def keys3():
print("Down key pressed")
def restart():
print("Enter key pressed")
# 添加热键
keyboard.add_hotkey('left', keys0)
keyboard.add_hotkey('right', keys1)
keyboard.add_hotkey('up', keys2)
keyboard.add_hotkey('down', keys3)
keyboard.add_hotkey('enter', restart)
# 等待用户按下esc键
print("Waiting for ESC to exit...")
keyboard.wait('esc')
# 在这里移除所有热键
print("Removing all hotkeys...")
keyboard.unhook_all_hotkeys()
Waiting for ESC to exit... Left key pressed Right key pressed Up key pressed Down key pressed Enter key pressed Removing all hotkeys... >>>
注：最后一行代码keyboard.unhook_all_hotkeys()很关键，一定都有否则即使按了ESC键退出程序，热键还是驻留在内存里，键盘还会响应keyboard.add_hotkey()添加的热键。
完整源代码
import keyboard
from random import sample
class Matrix:
def __init__(self, order=4):
self.over = False
self.order = order
self.matrix = self.new()
self.victory = False
def __repr__(self):
m, n = [], len(str(2**max(sum(self.matrix,[]))))
for mat in self.matrix:
m.append(', '.join(f'{2**x if x else 0:>{n}}' for x in mat))
return '],\n ['.join(m).join(['[[',']]'])
def new(self):
n = self.order
m = sample([0]*(n*n-2)+sample([0,1,1],2),n*n)
return [m[i*n:i*n+n] for i in range(n)]
def show(self):
if self.over or self.victory:
print('Enter to restart...')
else:
print(self)
print()
def insert(self):
n = self.order
m = [(i,j) for j in range(n) for i in range(n) if not self.matrix[i][j]]
if m:
i, j = sample(m, 1)[0]
self.matrix[i][j] = sum(sample([1,1,1,2],1))
def full(self):
return all(sum(self.matrix,[]))
def move(self, direction=0):
if self.over or self.victory: return
direction %= 4
if direction == 0: #left
if self.cannotmove(0): return
elif direction == 1: #right
if self.cannotmove(1): return
self.matrix = self.flipH()
elif direction == 2: #up
if self.cannotmove(2): return
self.matrix = self.rotL()
elif direction == 3: #down
if self.cannotmove(3): return
self.matrix = self.rotR()
for i,array in enumerate(self.matrix):
self.matrix[i] = Matrix.update(array)
if direction == 1:
self.matrix = self.flipH()
elif direction == 2:
self.matrix = self.rotR()
elif direction == 3:
self.matrix = self.rotL()
indexmax = max(sum(self.matrix,[]))
if self.order==2 and indexmax==4 or self.order==3 and indexmax==7 or indexmax==self.order+7:
self.victory = True
print(self)
print('Win! Enter to restart...')
return
self.insert()
self.over = self.cannotmove()
if self.over:
print(self)
print('Gave over!')
def cannotmove(self, direction = 4):
m, n = self.matrix, self.rotR()
p, q = self.rotL(), self.flipH()
if direction==0:
return all(n[0]) and Matrix.cannotupdate(m)
elif direction==1:
return all(n[-1]) and Matrix.cannotupdate(q)
elif direction==2:
return all(m[0]) and Matrix.cannotupdate(n)
elif direction==3:
return all(m[-1]) and Matrix.cannotupdate(p)
else:
return (self.full() and self.cannotmove(0) and self.cannotmove(1)
and self.cannotmove(2) and self.cannotmove(3))
def cannotupdate(matrix):
return all([m==Matrix.update(m) for m in matrix])
def update(array):
split = lambda a: [_ for _ in a if _]+[_ for _ in a if not _]
array = split(array)
for i,a in enumerate(array):
if i and a and a==array[i-1]:
array[i-1] += 1
array[i] = 0
return split(array)
def flipH(self):
m, n = self.matrix, self.order
return [[m[i][n-j-1] for j in range(n)] for i in range(n)]
def flipV(self):
m, n = self.matrix, self.order
return [[m[n-j-1][i] for i in range(n)] for j in range(n)]
def rotL(self):
m, n = self.matrix, self.order
return [[m[j][n-i-1] for j in range(n)] for i in range(n)]
def rotR(self):
m, n = self.matrix, self.order
return [[m[n-j-1][i] for j in range(n)] for i in range(n)]
def move(i):
mat.move(i)
mat.show()
def keys0():
move(0)
def keys1():
move(1)
def keys2():
move(2)
def keys3():
move(3)
def restart():
global mat
if mat.victory:
mat.order += 1
mat = Matrix(mat.order)
mat.show()
if mat.over:
if mat.order>3:
mat.order -= 1
mat = Matrix(mat.order)
mat.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
print("《2048小游戏》")
print("上下左右前头控制方向，按ESC退出...")
mat = Matrix(2)
mat.show()
keyboard.add_hotkey('left', keys0)
keyboard.add_hotkey('right', keys1)
keyboard.add_hotkey('up', keys2)
keyboard.add_hotkey('down', keys3)
keyboard.add_hotkey('enter', restart)
keyboard.wait('esc') # 等待用户按下esc键退出
print('bye!')
keyboard.unhook_all_hotkeys() # 退出后移除所有热键
玩法过程
《2048小游戏》 上下左右前头控制方向，按ESC退出... [[0, 0], [0, 2]]
[[0, 0], [2, 2]]
[[0, 4], [0, 4]]
[[0, 2], [0, 8]]
[[2, 2], [8, 0]]
[[4, 2], [8, 0]]
[[4, 4], [8, 2]]
[[8, 2], [8, 2]]
[[ 0, 0], [16, 4]] Win! Enter to restart... Enter to restart... [[0, 2, 0], [0, 0, 2], [0, 0, 0]]
[[0, 0, 0], [2, 0, 0], [0, 2, 2]]
[[4, 0, 0], [0, 0, 2], [0, 0, 4]]
[[0, 2, 0], [0, 0, 2], [4, 0, 4]]
[[0, 0, 2], [0, 0, 2], [4, 0, 8]]
[[0, 0, 2], [0, 2, 2], [0, 4, 8]]
[[0, 0, 0], [0, 2, 4], [2, 4, 8]]
[[2, 0, 0], [2, 4, 0], [2, 4, 8]]
[[2, 0, 0], [2, 0, 0], [4, 8, 8]]
[[ 0, 2, 2], [ 0, 0, 2], [ 0, 4, 16]]
[[ 0, 0, 0], [ 2, 2, 4], [ 0, 4, 16]]
[[ 0, 0, 0], [ 0, 4, 4], [ 4, 4, 16]]
[[ 2, 0, 0], [ 0, 0, 4], [ 4, 8, 16]]
[[ 2, 0, 0], [ 2, 0, 4], [ 4, 8, 16]]
[[ 2, 0, 0], [ 4, 0, 4], [ 4, 8, 16]]
[[ 0, 4, 0], [ 2, 0, 4], [ 8, 8, 16]]
[[ 0, 2, 4], [ 0, 2, 4], [ 0, 16, 16]]
[[ 2, 2, 4], [ 0, 2, 4], [ 0, 0, 32]]
[[ 0, 0, 0], [ 2, 0, 8], [ 2, 4, 32]]
[[ 0, 0, 0], [ 2, 0, 8], [ 4, 4, 32]]
[[ 0, 0, 2], [ 0, 2, 8], [ 0, 8, 32]]
[[ 0, 0, 2], [ 0, 2, 8], [ 2, 8, 32]]
[[ 2, 0, 4], [ 2, 8, 0], [ 2, 8, 32]]
[[ 0, 0, 2], [ 2, 0, 4], [ 4, 16, 32]]
[[ 2, 0, 2], [ 2, 4, 0], [ 4, 16, 32]]
[[ 0, 0, 4], [ 4, 4, 2], [ 4, 16, 32]]
[[ 2, 0, 4], [ 0, 4, 2], [ 8, 16, 32]]
[[ 2, 2, 4], [ 0, 4, 2], [ 8, 16, 32]]
[[ 0, 4, 4], [ 2, 4, 2], [ 8, 16, 32]]
[[ 2, 0, 4], [ 2, 8, 2], [ 8, 16, 32]]
[[ 0, 2, 4], [ 4, 8, 2], [ 8, 16, 32]]
[[ 2, 4, 2], [ 4, 8, 2], [ 8, 16, 32]]
[[ 2, 4, 2], [ 4, 8, 4], [ 8, 16, 32]] Gave over! Enter to restart...
注：二阶方阵玩出16就过关，三阶方阵玩出128就过关，四阶就要到2048才能过关，五阶则要到4096才过关，六阶以上类推。演示时玩到三阶方阵就over了，如果三阶方阵过关会自动升级到四阶方阵，以此类推。
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