因为云服务器升级，需要迁移到新的服务器平台，需要在新的服务器安装mysql，在此记录一下安装流程。
一、下载mysql
1、打开mysql官网，点击download
2、拉到页面最下方，点击
页面跳转之后，继续点击
页面跳转之后，可以下载最新版本的mysql，选择windows或者linux系统。如果需要下载历史版本，需要点击Archives。为了保持跟原系统版本一致，本文下载mysql的5.6.41版本。
页面跳转后，对linux版本，系统版本进行选择
点击Download按钮，下载tar包。
二、安装mysql 的 5.6.41版本
1、传输到linux服务器，解压tar包
2、卸载服务器自带的mysql
[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server appadmin]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 [root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server appadmin]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 [root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server appadmin]#
3、安装openssl-devel插件，因为有些rpm安装包要依赖这个插件。
4、执行rpm安装包
rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh MySQL-embedded-5.6.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh MySQL-shared-5.6.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh MySQL-test-5.6.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
注意保存运行日志，因为在日志里存在临时密码的文件目录：
A random root password has been set. You will find it in '/root/.mysql_secret'.
出现报错：
[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server mysql-5.6.41]# rpm -ivh MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY error: Failed dependencies: mariadb-libs is obsoleted by MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.41-1.el7.x86_64
需要执行卸载lib包的命令
yum -y remove mariadb-libs
重新执行报错的命令即可。
5、执行mysql命令
[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server mysql-5.6.41]# service mysqld status Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service Unit mysqld.service could not be found.
出现报错，执行find命令，查找mysql
[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server mysql-5.6.41]# find / -name mysqld /usr/sbin/mysqld
[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server mysql-5.6.41]# find / -name mysql /etc/logrotate.d/mysql /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql /var/lib/pcp/config/pmlogconf/mysql /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql/mysql /usr/bin/mysql /usr/lib64/mysql /usr/share/mysql /usr/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql/mysql
安装的是mysql，所以执行如下命令： [root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server mysql-5.6.41]# service mysql status ERROR! MySQL is not running
[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server mysql-5.6.41]# service mysql start Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
6、登录mysql，修改密码
[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server init.d]# cat /root/.mysql_secret # The random password set for the root user at Thu Oct 26 09:18:34 2023 (local time): egVKiWF
[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server init.d]# mysql -uroot -pegVKiWF
登录之后，将密码修改为123456
mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' = password('123456');
7、设置远程登录
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root' with grant option; mysql> flush privileges;
8、加入开机启动
[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server mysql-5.6.41]chkconfig --add mysql
9、如果有防火墙的话，还需要开通3306端口
# 关闭防火墙 systemctl stop firewalld.service # 对外开放3306端口 firewall-cmd --remove-port=3306/tcp --permanent 或者firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent # 重启防火墙 firewall-cmd --reload
三、安装mysql 的 5.7.25版本
前边步骤大体一样，安装rpm包的时候需要遵循以下依赖顺序：common ->libs ->client ->server
[root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-common-5.7.25-1.e################################# [100%] [root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.25-1.el7################################# [100%] [root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.2################################# [100%] [root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.e################################# [100%] [root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-devel-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-devel-5.7.25-1.el################################# [100%] [root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-embedded-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-embedded-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-embedded-5.7.25-1################################# [100%] [root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-embedded-compat-5################################# [100%] [root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.################################# [100%] [root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.e################################# [100%] [root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-test-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-test-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY error: Failed dependencies: perl(JSON) is needed by mysql-community-test-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64
安装test模块出错，提示缺少依赖，那么我们就安装这个依赖：
[root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# yum install perl-JSON
安装完成之后，重新执行test模块
[root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-test-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-test-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-test-5.7.25-1.el7################################# [100%]
安装完成之后，可以查看配置文件
/etc/my.cnf里可以配置端口号
这个版本的命令有所不同，需要使用以下命令，不再是mysql，而是使用mysqld：
查看状态：systemctl status mysqld.service 重启：systemctl restart mysqld.service 启动：systemctl start mysqld.service 停止：systemctl stop mysqld.service
查看状态：service mysqld status 重启：service mysqld restart 启动：service mysqld start 停止：service mysqld stop
而且在安装的过程中，没有发现临时密码，需要启动mysql之后，才能生成临时密码。
[root@enn-hadoop-cm log]# service mysqld start
[root@enn-hadoop-cm log]# grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log 2023-10-26T06:18:17.693671Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Qd1H4zpr!AjD
遇到特殊字符的密码，报错
[root@enn-hadoop-cm log]# mysql -u root -pQd1H4zpr!AjD bash: !AjD: event not found 需要转义
[root@enn-hadoop-cm log]# mysql -u root -pQd1H4zpr\!AjD
登录之后，设置密码，远程链接，修改防火墙，与之前一样。
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