容器 运维 docker下载安装和常用命令

系列文章目录

前言

官网及下载 https://docker.com/

一、卸载旧版本docker

yum remove docker \

docker-client \

docker-client-latest \

docker-common \

docker-latest \

docker-latest-logrotate \

docker-logrotate \

docker-engine

二、安装yum-utils常用工具包

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install yum-utils

三、更换国内镜像源下载docker

1 更换

http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

yum-config-manager \

--add-repo \

http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

2 更新安装包索引

[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache fast

3 安装最新的docker

yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin

4启动docker

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker //启动docker服务

5 docker version 判断是否启动成功

三、启动hallo world测试

[root@localhost ~]# docker run hello-world

[root@localhost ~]# docker images //查看是否启动成功

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 7 months ago 13.3kB

四 卸载删除docker

卸载依赖

yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

删除资源

rm -rf /var/lib/docker

五、阿里云加速

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' { "registry-mirrors": ["https://1edmtwcy.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } EOF sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo systemctl restart docker

六、docker镜像常用命令

docker version      // 显示docker版本信息 docker info           //显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容量数量 docker --help       //查看帮助文档 docker images     //查看本地所有镜像

docker search //搜索镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql // 搜索镜像

NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED

mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12525 [OK]

mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4817 [OK]

percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 575 [OK]

https://hub.docker.com/

–filter=stars=3000 //搜索条件 3000以上的镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql --filter=stars=3000

NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED

mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12525 [OK]

mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4817 [OK]

docker pull //下载镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql //pull 下载mysql

Using default tag: latest //如果不写tag，默认是latest最新版

latest: Pulling from library/mysql

72a69066d2fe: Pull complete //分层下载

93619dbc5b36: Pull complete

99da31dd6142: Pull complete

626033c43d70: Pull complete

37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete

ac563158d721: Pull complete

d2ba16033dad: Pull complete

688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete

00e060b6d11d: Pull complete

1c04857f594f: Pull complete

4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete

e0431212d27d: Pull complete //下面是签名

Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e77

Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest

docker.io/library/mysql:latest //真实地址

docker pull mysql:5.7 //指定版本下载

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7 //指定下载版本

5.7: Pulling from library/mysql

72a69066d2fe: Already exists

93619dbc5b36: Already exists //联合文件系统之前已经下载过

99da31dd6142: Already exists 的文件不用重复下载

626033c43d70: Already exists

37d5d7efb64e: Already exists

ac563158d721: Already exists

d2ba16033dad: Already exists

0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete

37f2405cae96: Pull complete

e2482e017e53: Pull complete

70deed891d42: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94

Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7

docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker -rmi -f $(docker images -qa) //删除全部

[root@localhost ~]# docker images //查看本地镜像

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

mysql 5.7 c20987f18b13 4 months ago 448MB

mysql latest 3218b38490ce 4 months ago 516MB

hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 7 months ago 13.3kB

[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 3218b38490ce //指定id删除

Untagged: mysql:latest

Untagged: mysql@sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f773

七、docker容器常用命令

docker run [可选参数] image #参数说明 –name=“Name”    //容器名称 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器 -d                      //后台方式运行 -it                    //使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容 -P                 //指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080         -P   ip：主机端口：容器端口         -P 主机端口：容器端口（常用）         -P 容器端口 -p            //随机指定端口好（小写）

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos //下载最新版本centos

Using default tag: latest

latest: Pulling from library/centos

a1d0c7532777: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177

Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest

docker.io/library/centos:latest

[root@localhost ~]# docker images //查看本地镜像

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

mysql 5.7 c20987f18b13 4 months ago 448MB

hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 7 months ago 13.3kB

centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 7 months ago 231MB

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash //使用交互方式进入centos

[root@ea69cb4a177f /]# exit //直接停止并退出容器

ctrl + p + q 不停止退出容器 列出运行容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps //列出当前正在运行容器

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a //列出之前运行容器

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

ea69cb4a177f centos "/bin/bash" 11 minutes ago Exited (127) 16 seconds ago laughing_mclean

817c41ac6a0f hello-world "/hello" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago wonderful_babbage

[root@localhost ~]#

八、删除容器

docker rm [容器id] //指定删除容器 docker rm -f $(docker -ap) //删除所有容器 docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm //删除所有容器

九、启动和停止容器

docker start 容器id         //开启容器 docker restart 重启容器id      //重启容器 docker stop 容器id       //停止容器 docker kill 容器id       //强制停止容器

总结

参考文章