1、背景:

近日切换到python3后,发现python3在多态处理上,有一些比较有意思的情况,特别记载,供大家参考。。。

以廖老师的python3教程中的animal 和dog的继承一节的代码做例子,上代码先:

#!/usr/bin/env python3

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

class Animal(object):

def run1(self):

print('Animal is running 1...')

def run2(self):

self.run1()

print('Animal is running 2...')

class Cat(Animal):

def run1(self,name):

print('[%s] Cat is running1...' %name)

def run2(self,name=""):

super().run2()

print('[%s] cat is running2...' %name)

def run_twice(animal):

animal.run1("1")

animal.run2("2")

if __name__=='__main__':

c = Cat()

run_twice(c)

 

输出结果:

[1] Cat is running1...

报错信息如下:

 File "d:\python\tensf\clstest.py", line 28, in

run_twice(c)

 File "d:\python\tensf\clstest.py", line 23, in run_twice

animal.run2("2")

 File "d:\python\tensf\clstest.py", line 17, in run2

super().run2()

 File "d:\python\tensf\clstest.py", line 8, in run2

self.run1()

builtins.TypeError: run1() missing 1 required positional argument: 'name'

2、分析原因:

1、父类animal中run2()调用了run1()

2、子类cat中覆盖了run1(),增加了name参数,并覆盖了run2(),同样增加了name参数,并调用父类animal中run2()

3、理想中的状态,父类的run2()应该是调用父类的run1(),实际却是调用子类的run1(),所以导致参数匹配错误。

builtins.TypeError: run1() missing 1 required positional argument: 'name'解决方案要分情况,就本例而言给name赋上默认值即可。

3、延伸

问题来源于自己写了configparser的扩展包,实现给get(),getint(),set()加默认值的方法,在python2中好用,移到python3中突然不好用了,有点发懵。

不过仔细分析,还是python3中configparser的get()有修改。

困扰了我接近一天,还是基本功有问题,贴上我写的简单代码。补充一点:python3下默认有configparser,无需额外用pip安装,而且大写改成了小写。

#coding=utf-8

'''

Date :2016.10.8

Author : joshua zou

Purpose :

configparser 的扩展类,增加默认值,兼容key不存在的情况。

Use exap:

import eConfig as eTax

INICONFIG=eTax.eConfig()

#读取配置文件中配置

debuglevel = INICONFIG.get('default','debuglevel')

'''

try:

from configparser import OrderedDict as _default_dict

except ImportError:

# fallback for setup.py which hasn't yet built _collections

_default_dict = dict

from configparser import RawConfigParser

class eConfig(RawConfigParser ):

def __init__(self, defaults=None, dict_type=_default_dict,

allow_no_value=False):

super().__init__(defaults, dict_type,allow_no_value)

def get(self, section, option, default='',**kwargs):

try :

sRet = super().get(section, option,**kwargs)

except:

sRet = default

return sRet

def getint(self, section, option,default=None,**kwargs):

try :

sRet = super().getint(section, option,**kwargs)

except Exception as e :

sRet = default

return sRet

def getfloat(self, section, option,default=None,**kwargs):

try :

sRet = super().getfloat(section, option)

except:

sRet = default

return sRet

def getboolean(self, section, option,default=None,**kwargs):

try :

sRet = super().getboolean(section, option)

except:

sRet = default

return sRet

def set(self, section, option,value):

if not super().has_section(section):

sRet = super().add_section(section)

sRet = super().set(section, option, value)

return sRet

if __name__ == "__main__":

#读取配置

filename = r'zhbook.ini'

sf=eConfig()

sf.read(filename)

print (sf.get('name', 'lastchp','1'))

print (sf.getint('name', 'lastchp',0))

print (sf.get('default', 'taskcount1', '1'))

print (sf.get('default', 'taskcount1'))

print (sf.getint('default', 'taskcount1'))

print (sf.getboolean('default', 'taskcount1'))

print (sf.getfloat('default', 'taskcount1'))

print (sf.set('default2', 'taskcount1',u'2222'))

#保存配置

fp = open(filename,"w")

sf.write(fp)

fp.close()

print (sf.get('default', 'taskcount1'))

sf.remove_option('default','taskcount1')

fp = open(filename,"w")

sf.write(fp)

fp.close()

 

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