8.7 Explain how you would design a chat server. In particular, provide details about the various backend components, classes, and methods. What would be the hardest problems to solve?
这个简易的聊天服务器功能十分的有限，毕竟只是针对面试题的，谁也无法在面试的有限时间内设计出像QQ那样强大的聊天工具，所以只是实现一些基本的功能即可，根据书上所述，包括如下功能：
1. 登陆和登出
2. 添加请求（发送，接受，和拒绝）
3. 更显一个状态消息
4. 建立私聊和群聊
5. 添加信息到私聊和群聊
enum UserStatusType { Offline, Away, Idle, Available, Busy };
enum RequestStatus { Unread, Read, Accepted, Rejected };
class Date {
public:
Date() {}
Date(int m, int d, int y): _month(m), _day(d), _year(y) {}
private:
int _month, _day, _year;
};
class Message {
public:
Message(string content, Date *date): _content(content), _date(date) {}
string getContent() { return _content; }
Date* getDate() { return _date; }
private:
string _content;
Date *_date;
};
class Conversation {
public:
vector
bool addMessage(Message *m) {
_messages.push_back(m);
return true;
}
int getId() { return _id; }
protected:
vector
int _id;
vector
};
class GroupChat: public Conversation {
public:
void removeParticipant(User *user) {
for (vector
if (*it == user) _participants.erase(it);
}
}
void addParticipant(User *user) {
_participants.push_back(user);
}
};
class PrivateChat: public Conversation {
public:
PrivateChat(User *user1, User *user2) {
_participants.push_back(user1);
_participants.push_back(user2);
}
User* getOtherParticipant(User *primary) {
if (_participants[0] == primary) {
return _participants[1];
} else if (_participants[1] == primary) {
return _participants[0];
}
return nullptr;
}
};
class AddRequest {
public:
AddRequest(User *from, User *to, Date *date): _fromUser(from), _toUser(to), _date(date) {
_status = RequestStatus::Unread;
}
void setStatus(RequestStatus status) { _status = status; }
RequestStatus getStatus() { return _status; }
User* getFromUser() { return _fromUser; }
User* getToUser() { return _toUser; }
Date* getDate() { return _date; }
private:
User *_fromUser;
User *_toUser;
Date *_date;
RequestStatus _status;
};
class UserStatus{
public:
UserStatus(UserStatusType type, string message): _type(type), _message(message) {}
UserStatusType getStatusType() { return _type; }
string getMessage() { return _message; }
private:
string _message;
UserStatusType _type;
};
class UserManager;
class User {
public:
User(int id, string accountName, string fullName): _id(id), _accountName(accountName), _fullName(fullName) {}
bool sendMessageToUser(User *to, string content) {
PrivateChat *chat = _privateChats[to->getId()];
if (chat == nullptr) {
chat = new PrivateChat(this, to);
_privateChats[to->getId()] = chat;
}
Message *message = new Message(content, new Date());
return chat->addMessage(message);
}
bool sendMessageToGroupChat(int id, string content) {
GroupChat *chat = _groupChats[id];
if (chat != nullptr) {
Message *message = new Message(content, new Date());
return chat->addMessage(message);
}
return false;
}
void setStatus(UserStatus *status) { _status = status; }
UserStatus* getStatus() { return _status; };
bool addContact(User *user) {
if (_contacts.find(user->getId()) != _contacts.end()) {
return false;
} else {
_contacts[user->getId()] = user;
return true;
}
}
void receivedAddRequest(AddRequest *req) {
int senderId = req->getFromUser()->getId();
if (_receivedAddRequests.find(senderId) == _receivedAddRequests.end()) {
_receivedAddRequests[senderId] = req;
}
}
void sentAddRequest(AddRequest *req) {
int receiverId = req->getFromUser()->getId();
if (_sentAddRequests.find(receiverId) == _sentAddRequests.end()) {
_sentAddRequests[receiverId] = req;
}
}
void removeAddRequest(AddRequest *req) {
if (req->getToUser() == this) {
for (unordered_map
if (it->second == req) _receivedAddRequests.erase(it);
}
} else if (req->getFromUser() == this) {
for (unordered_map
if (it->second == req) _sentAddRequests.erase(it);
}
}
}
void requestAddUser(string accountName) {
UserManager::getInstance()->addUser(this, accountName);
}
void addConversation(PrivateChat *conversation) {
User *otherUser = conversation->getOtherParticipant(this);
_privateChats[otherUser->getId()] = conversation;
}
void addConversation(GroupChat *conversation) {
_groupChats.push_back(conversation);
}
int getId() { return _id; }
string getAccountName() { return _accountName; };
string getFullName() { return _fullName; }
private:
int _id;
UserStatus *_status = nullptr;
unordered_map
vector
unordered_map
unordered_map
unordered_map
string _accountName;
string _fullName;
};
class UserManager {
public:
static UserManager* getInstance() {
if (_instance == nullptr) _instance = new UserManager();
return _instance;
}
void addUser(User *fromUser, string toAcountName) {
User *toUser = _usersByAccountName[toAcountName];
AddRequest *req = new AddRequest(fromUser, toUser, new Date());
toUser->receivedAddRequest(req);
fromUser->sentAddRequest(req);
}
void approveAddRequest(AddRequest *req) {
req->setStatus(RequestStatus::Accepted);
User *from = req->getFromUser();
User *to = req->getToUser();
from->addContact(to);
to->addContact(from);
}
void rejectAddRequest(AddRequest *req) {
req->setStatus(RequestStatus::Rejected);
User *from = req->getFromUser();
User *to = req->getToUser();
from->removeAddRequest(req);
to->removeAddRequest(req);
}
void userSignedOn(string accountName) {
User *user = _usersByAccountName[accountName];
if (user != nullptr) {
user->setStatus(new UserStatus(UserStatusType::Available, ""));
_onlineUsers[user->getId()] = user;
}
}
void userSignedOff(string accountName) {
User *user = _usersByAccountName[accountName];
if (user != nullptr) {
user->setStatus(new UserStatus(UserStatusType::Offline, ""));
for (unordered_map
if (it->first == user->getId()) _onlineUsers.erase(it);
}
}
}
private:
static UserManager *_instance;
unordered_map
unordered_map
unordered_map
};
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